Overbooked flight? Know your rights

Is the practice of overbooking flights even legal? And what are the rights of the bumped passengers?

Why airlines overbook

Airlines do have the legal right to overbook seats for flights, and unfortunately, overbooking is becoming an increasingly common occurrence. Airlines overbook to maximize profit to compensate for last-minute cancellations.

Plus, there is very little regulation regarding how airline personnel should properly handle these encounters. Most Canadian airlines fail to outline whether personnel can forcibly remove passengers from flights, although they do claim the right to remove a customer from a flight for a variety of other reasons.

So, who gets bumped?

When flights are overbooked, the Canadian Transportation Agency (CTA) requires airlines to ask for volunteers before denying anyone a seat. If too few volunteers come forward, some of the remaining passengers can be bumped involuntarily. At that point, there's not much a passenger can do.

Some airlines bump passengers with the lowest fares first or according to who checked in last. It could be based on the passenger’s itinerary, their frequent flyer membership, or the passenger’s fare class. No matter which factors are taken into consideration, it should come at no surprise that1^st class and business class passengers are rarely bumped.

According to the CTA, Canadian carriers normally help passengers they have bumped to find a seat on the next available flight at no additional cost. In any case, if you are involuntarily bumped for reasons within the airline’s control, know that you are entitled to compensation.

How much compensation is offered?

The CTA allows individual airlines to decide on their own compensation policy, although in 2013 the CTA ruled in a decision involving a specific airline that passengers who are involuntarily bumped can get between $200 and $800 depending on the length of the delay. Alternatively, that same airline company offers travel vouchers for as much as 3 times those amounts. Similarly, another carrier  had to revise its policy of giving bumped passengers a travel voucher instead of cash, and now offers Canadians up $650 for delays of less than4 hours and up to $1,300 for delays of more than 4 hours.

Prompted by the recent controversy mentioned in our introduction, the Canadian government announced it will introduce legislation dedicated to “airline bumping” rules as part of the proposed air passenger bill of rights, which will include minimum requirements for compensation when flights are oversold, or luggage is lost. 

How to avoid getting bumped

Passengers who arrive last and pay the least are most likely to be bumped. Minimize the risk of getting bumped by arriving earlier to be among the first passengers to registrer.

In addition, the CTA advises that pre-selecting seats when making a reservation, usually for a fee, could also help avoid bumping. However, overbooking is a reality of life. Airlines will continue to do this, but most travellers agree that they need to do a better job informing passengers about their policies and the compensation they offer.

For more on this topic, visit:

What are your rights on an overbooked flight?

CBC: Why airlines overbook flights

Government of Canada: Air passenger rights

CBC: New passenger bill of rights spells out compensation